ATM and exocrine pancreatic carcinoma: In response to mono-treatment with the NC, the most profound activation of the DDR was observed for NQ, which causes a clear increase in the levels of phosphorylated RPA32, ATM, KAP1 and P53 in both BxPC3 and SU.86.86 pancreatic carcinoma cells as compared to untreated control (Figure 1).