PTEN and neoplasm: In addition, the combination of quercetin and heparin-bound cytokine (MK) can significantly promote apoptosis by downregulating the expression of PI3K/PTEN, MAPK, and NF-B signaling, leading to G1 cell cycle arrest and the inhibition of PC3 and CD44+/CD133+ cell migration, thus effectively eliminating cancer and tumor CSCs.