They found that the aptamer-Dox-GNPs can bind specifically to LNCaP prostate cancer cells, and showed more significant cytotoxicity on LNCaP cells than the PC-3 cells, which do not express PSMA (cell viability 50 ± 6% for LNCaP versus 71 ± 6% for PC-3; p < 0.05, n = 5). This evidence concerns the gene FOLH1 and prostate carcinoma.