CASP3 and cardiac hypertrophy: Similarly, emodin is reported for cardioprotection via downregulating the TNF-α, NF-κB, and caspase-3 signaling pathways and effectively produced; vasorelaxation, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, anti-myocardial hypertrophy, anti-oxidative damage, antihypertensive and diuretic effects [35].