Therefore, increases in several inflammatory mediators, including the IL-1β and IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1), found in epileptogenic brain specimens in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy of different etiologies could be treated with IL-1-converting enzyme (ICE)/caspase 1 inhibitors and IL-1β receptor antagonists [40]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1R1 and epilepsy.