TNF and allergic disease: Fermented tropical fruit-containing beverages stimulated immune response in the in vitro experiments with isolated cells [51,57], in non-specific inflammatory in vivo model as visualised by enhanced macrophage activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNFα, and IFNγ) expression, while these beverages suppressed specific immune response (decreased IL-6 and IL-4 production but increased IFNγ) in the animal model of allergy [50].