CD4 and interstitial lung disease: By analyzing the expression of inflammatory markers in the muscle specimens of 129 patients with IIM with or without ILD, we found multiple IHC markers (e.g., CD4, MX1 expression on immune cells, expression of MHC class I and HLA-DR on myofibers) that were differentially expressed according to the presence of ILD and significantly associated with ILD in logistic regression analysis.