The communication between tumors and their microenvironment can be manifested, for example, by growth-promoting factors secreted from cells in the stroma, for example, from cancer-associated fibroblasts as well as from various types of immune cells, such as macrophages- and conversely by factors released from the tumor cells that, in turn, activate macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, such as IL-4. Here, IL4 is linked to neoplasm.