In another study, the α-enolase (ENO1) pathway was found to be involved in an AMPK-related mechanism that supports HPH progression; Dai et al. [195] showed that ENO1 levels were elevated in patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) and in model mice with normobaric-hypoxia-induced PAH. Here, ENO1 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.