VHL and renal cell adenocarcinoma: Renal cell cancer was considered an orphan disease from a therapeutic point of view, up to the moment at which the increased knowledge on its pathogenesis, and the discovery of the role played by the mutation of VHL on the stabilization of HIF and the subsequent activation of the neoangiogenetic program, led to the development of small molecule target agents directed against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or its receptor (VEGFR).