Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as kidney damage that occurs over a long-term (greater than 3-month) period, resulting in the gradual decline of kidney function that is clinically manifested as a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and proteinuria (measured by an albumin-to-creatinine ratio of >30 mg/g) [8]. Here, ALB is linked to chronic kidney disease.