In order to investigate the association between obesity-related changes in the expression of ESR1 and ESR2 in adipose tissue and the development of metabolic complications of obesity, we compared their mRNA concentrations in tissues of the obese patients stratified by the presence of the chief components of metabolic syndrome: prediabetes/type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is hyperlipidemia.