Feleder et al. [224] used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to develop NVHL and found a significant increase in TNF-α, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in brain structures, such as the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus, indicating long-lasting inflammatory responses in brain structures involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology. This evidence concerns the gene IL2 and schizophrenia.