NFKB1 and avian influenza: Notably, this NF-κB-triggered proinflammatory response in acute COVID-19 is shared with other acute respiratory viral infections caused by highly pathogenic influenza A virus of H1N1 (e.g., Spanish flu) and H5N1 (avian flu origin), as well as SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV [10,45].