VDR and Hypercalcemia: The antimalarial activity in knockout mice for the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) and its 22-oxacalcitriol analog (22-OCT), which causes less hypercalcemia than vitamin D3, is related to the direct and indirect action of VDR, resulting in a reduction of IFN-γ with a consequent increase in the survival of infected animals [209].