Notably, a PD patient-associated Parkin mutant, which cannot monoubiquitinate VDAC1, fails to rescue the PD-related phenotypes in Parkin-null flies, suggesting that Parkin-mediated monoubiquitination of VDAC1 may play an important role in PD pathogenesis [130]. This evidence concerns the gene VDAC1 and Parkinson disease.