Persistently increased levels of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and CXCL-8, accompanied by certain markers of endothelial damage, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and vWF, were detected in patients with a history of idiopathic DVT. Here, TNF is linked to deep vein thrombosis.