Our findings indicated that this low sensitivity issue could be overcome by combined use of PD-L1 or TMB markers, since data from multiple cohorts showed that classifying NSCLC patients with either positive PD-L1, high-TMB or KMT2C/BCOR/KDM5C mutations into ‘potentially responsive’ could largely increase the sensitivity of ICB-response prediction without hurting predictive specificity (Figure 2F, Figure 4B, Figure 5A,B). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.