In an immunocompetent model in which MM45T.Li mouse HCC cells were subcutaneously (s.c.)injected into syngeneic mice, ADs delivering HSV/TK and a chimera of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the membrane-spanning domain of CX3CL1 (fractalkine), displayed high antitumor efficacy upon GCV treatment. Here, CCL2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.