HOPX and lung cancer: Interestingly, loss of HOPX expression has clinical relevance, at least in lung cancer, because decreased HOPX expression in lung SCC has been linked to high-grade and advanced-stage cancers [15] and miR-421 has been shown to target HOPX, which then stimulates the Wnt/catenin signaling pathway, promoting the development of non-small cell lung cancer [67].