More direct evidence for a tumor suppressor role for HOPX has come from in vivo studies, where ectopic expression of HOPX in choriocarcinoma [14], esophageal [53], glioblastoma [38], HEC [59], gastric [55], colorectal [61], and lung cancer [56] cells resulted in decreased tumor growth suppression in vivo. Here, HOPX is linked to lung carcinoma.