Inhibitory checkpoints CTLA4 and PDCD1 are commonly found in activated T cells, and their inhibitors have been used in patients with tumors, including melanoma, bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, MSI-high colorectal carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma [72,73]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.