ATM and cancer: Thus, the mRNA expression of the p53/ATM/CHK2 signaling pathway at different times (4 and 12 h) after CPS (50 μM) treatment was evaluated in p53-mutated T24 and 5637 cells and in p53 wild-type A498 cells by the Human Cancer Pathway FinderTM RT2-ProfilerTM PCR Array and qRT-PCR.