Subunit gamma-1 (LAMC1) was downregulated in all four cancer types, while all other subunits showed lower expression levels in SCLC; LAMC2, LAMA5, LAMB2 in LCC; and LAMA5, LAMB2, LAMA3 in AC as well. This evidence concerns the gene LAMC2 and leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts.