Tumor secretion of exoPD-L1 has a direct local impact on various types of tumor microenvironment (such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), glioblastoma (GBM)), where monocytes and macrophages are important components of microenvironment, either through the inhibition of T cells or by promoting PD-L1 upregulation in other immune cells, a major established immune evasion mechanism [22]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and glioblastoma.