SPDL1 and lung cancer: In a meta-analysis performed by Cheng Y et al., which included 1188 lung cancer patients, the presence of high pre-treatment sPD-L1 levels predicted worse overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and lower ORR to both ICI and non-ICI agents, suggesting sPD-L1 as a potential predictive biomarker in lung cancer [16].