Although miR-223 is up-regulated in multiple samples from both asthma and COPD patients, it mainly acts as an anti-inflammatory miRNA by directly targeting multiple genes that are involved in the NF-kB pathway, such as PARP1, IKKa, TRAF6, CUL1, and TAB2. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.