Despite the currently existing controversies, having detected that high plasma levels of endogenous G-CSF may predict cardiovascular events regardless of the established risk factors [24], the use of G-CSF as an element that mobilises stem cells to repair myocardial damage, in the treatment of congestive heart failure, or as a mediator in atherosclerosis, is an attractive concept for future research. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and atherosclerosis.