ALB and metabolic syndrome: Some studies have identified risk factors for CKD entailing age, sex, ethnicity, family history of CKD, socioeconomic status, metabolic syndrome, urinary albumin excretion, dyslipidemia, nephrotoxins (NSAIDs, antibiotics, radiological contrast), primary kidney disease, urinary disorders (obstruction, recurrent urinary tract infections), cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and acute kidney disorders (AKD) [13–15].