VEGFA and retinopathy of prematurity: In the preterm infant, potential links between VEGF and PDGF signaling, and dysregulation, inflammation, and altered vascular development have been suggested.63,64 VEGF is also a well-known mediator of neovascularization in the neurovascular disease ROP, which is associated with several outcomes such as brain volumes and poor neurodevelopmental outcome.65 It is important to further elucidate the complex interplay, function, and downstream mechanisms of circulating factors during different developmental phases in the extremely preterm.