The kinase inhibitory region of SOCS1 binds to the substrate-binding groove of JAK with high specificity and acts as a pseudo substrate for JAK kinases.261 Overexpressing SOCS1 or SOCS3 with adenovirus mitigated interstitial fibrosis, macrophage infiltration, and proteinuria of DN by suppressing STAT1 and STAT3 activation.262 KLF4 that was a DNA-binding transcription regulator suppressed STAT3 transcriptional activity by binding to pSTAT3 (Tyr705). Here, SOCS1 is linked to liver dysplastic nodule.