NFKB1 and renal fibrosis: The activation of AT1 triggers multiple signaling pathways, for example, kinase activation including ERK, PI3K, AKT, and JAK-STAT, activation of transcription factors including Smad, NF-κB, and Nrf2, OS, and cell cycle-related factors.392 The activation of RAAS promotes the progression of renal fibrosis through various pathways.