GKT136901, a Nox1/4 inhibitor treatment reduced albuminuria and the development of nephropathy in db/db (diabetic) mice by decreasing renal ERK1/2 phosphorylation and oxidative damage.201 Another Nox1/4 inhibitor, GKT137831 also exhibited the renal beneficial effect.171,202 Since GKT137831 achieved satisfactory renal protection in various CKD animal models, a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial about GKT137831 was conducted in type 1 diabetes-related kidney disease patients. This evidence concerns the gene NOX1 and chronic kidney disease.