KRAS and non-small cell lung carcinoma: KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, high-frequency mutations(such as G12A, G12C, G12D, G12S, G12V, G13C, G13D) and some low-frequency mutations can activate KRAS.89 KRAS has mutations in a variety of cancers, among which pancreatic cancer has a mutation rate of 90%, colon cancer and lung cancer (mainly non-small cell lung cancer) have mutation rates of 30–50% and 19%, and cholangiocarcinoma accounts for about 26%.