VHL and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: ccRCC can be considered a metabolic disease, since loss of chromosome arm 3p and inactivation of the Von‐Hippel Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor and the resultant constitutively active hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor in the majority of tumours lead to marked metabolic changes.15, 16, 17