VHL and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: In our study, we used the primary ccRCC‐derived VHL‐deficient 786‐O cell line for mechanistic investigations, which is an accepted ccRCC in vitro model that is able to form ccRCC tumours in nude mice and maintain the characteristics of ccRCC tumours, such as vimentin and CD10 surface expression and secretion of high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).72, 73