IL1B and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Hz is shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of MA-ARDS through inflammasome activation in the monocytes/macrophages, thus releasing IL-1β and IL-18 (Dolinay et al., 2012), and causes M1 polarization of activated macrophages that produces pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) (Mills et al., 2000).