Based on experimental work with various cell types, it is assumed that TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 block the effects of the cyclin-dependent kinases in an autocrine and paracrine manner during AKI, thereby inducing G1 cell cycle arrest of the tubular epithelial cells to prevent the division of cells with damaged DNA until the DNA damage is repaired [41,53]. Here, IGFBP7 is linked to acute kidney injury.