We anticipate that cost reduction of cystatin C measurements could occur with broad adoption over time given that the National Kidney Foundation-American Society of Nephrology recommends that clinical laboratories quickly implement the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) 2021 equations based on serum creatinine and cystatin C to eliminate race as a parameter when calculating estimated GFR and to standardize laboratory reporting [128]. This evidence concerns the gene CST3 and chronic kidney disease.