SCD and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Intravenously injected GNPs for 7 days have been reported to result in increased mRNA expression of genes including Srebp-1c, Fasn, and Scd1 (Zhou et al., 2020), and such induction of DNL was exacerbated in NAFLD mice treated with IONPs for 7 days (Zhu et al., 2021).