TNF and cancer: Our studies showed that ERH gene could affect the apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells through the toll-like receptor (TLR), NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathways, and could be a regulator of kinase tyrosine receptor ligand (KITLG) and an activator of malignant tumors growth (32).