FGF21 and Myocardial fibrosis: In addition, it has been reported that FGF-21 treatment inhibits myocardial fibrosis via the downregulation of TGF-β expression, NF-κB nuclear translocation, and the phosphorylation levels of smad2/3 and IκB-α [138], which demonstrates FGF21's anti-inflammatory function in the fibrotic process [152, 153].