Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate changes in the expression of tumor microenvironment markers, such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), HER2, programmed death-1 (PD1), CD8, and Ki67, in NMIBC patients during the initial course of the disease and compare them with the expressions in MIBC patients to study the effects of tumor microenvironment and clinicopathological factors on recurrence, progression, and overall prognosis in NMIBC. Here, MKI67 is linked to neoplasm.