These include granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (82, 83) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) (84) in AML, and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in ALL (85) and multiple myeloma (MM) (86). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.