MTOR and autoimmune disease: The metabolic abnormalities of T cells may be related to the production of autoantibodies to metabolic enzymes or the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which mediates susceptibility to immunometabolism abnormality in autoimmune diseases including T1D (16, 18).