IFN-β, for example, inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and boosts the production of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic IL-10 from macrophages that are in the “resolution phase.” IFN-β also inhibits lung fibrosis caused by bleomycin by cutting down on tissue TGFβ and thrombospondin, and the IFN-β/IL-1 receptor antagonist axis plays a role in the TLR5-induced improvement of liver fibrosis (Figure 3) (115, 116). The gene discussed is IFNB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.