Overall, the changes observed in the mouse cell lines mirrored the trends demonstrated in the transcriptomic analysis of human tumor samples in Figures 2C,D, and confirm that TMAO significantly upregulates Periostin, Snab, Layilin and Htra3 and downregulates afamin and serotonin N-acetyltransferase in liver cancer in the presence of TNF-α. Here, AFM is linked to neoplasm.