Besides histological changes, expression of stem cells (OCT-4A, OCT-4, SSEA-1, SCA-1), early differentiation (c-KIT, MVH, Dmrt1a), Sertoli cells (SOX9), cancer stem cells (CD166), proliferation (PCNA, Ki67), global methylation (5mC) and tumor suppresser (PTEN)-specific markers were studied. The gene discussed is PCNA; the disease is cancer.