ESR1 and cancer: In these genes, we found protumorigenic genes, including KCNN4 (R = 0.78; Fig. 5e), inducing cell proliferation in breast cancer34, and IGF1R (R = 0.74; Fig. 5f), promoting ER+ breast cancer metastasis and endocrine resistance by modulating multiple kinase activities35–37, suggesting that the gene regulatory elements are possibly associated with cellular programs for cancer progression.