PINK1 and Parkinson disease: For the monogenic form, 13 loci and 9 genes have been shown to be involved in PD such as Synuclein Alpha (SNCA)/Parkinson Disease 1/4 (PARK1/4) that is associated with sporadic PD and early-onset cases, Leucine-Rich-Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2)/PARK8 that has been found in both autosomal dominant PD cases and sporadic cases, Parkin RBR E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase (PRKN)/PARK2 which causes early-onset with slow progression, and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/PARK6 which is linked to the autosomal recessive form of PD [9].