There are beneficial effects of inhibition of intestinal NHE3 in addition to BP regulation and end-organ protection.28,54 The long-term subcutaneous infusion of gastrin for 7 to 28 days protected against hypertensive nephropathy by normalizing BP, decreasing renal tubule cell apoptosis, and increasing macrophage efferocytosis55 Gastrin treatment for 28 days also exerted a protective effect on myocardial infarction.56 In our study, the high-salt diet-mediated increase in renal injury was mitigated by gastrin-SiO2 microspheres treatment for 7 weeks. Here, SLC9A3 is linked to hypertensive nephropathy.