We identified QM-PDA cells subtype, which is expressed HK2, PHLDA1, PMAIP1 and SLC5A3, in the CIC population (Figure S3H). Taken together, the CICs in the organoids and assembloids were mainly in the composite epithelial state and rarely in the QM state. This evidence concerns the gene PHLDA1 and Patent ductus arteriosus.