Protrusions facilitate lysosomal rupture, following which the tumor overexpressed glutathione (GSH) triggers the degradation of VPTA to release Mn ions and IONPs for rapid and persistent ROS generation, which synergistically activates the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway for pyroptosis (Figure 5B). The gene discussed is GSDMD; the disease is neoplasm.