Patients with hepatorenal syndrome or renal failure received albumin, terlipressin, and/or renal replacement therapy; patients with hepatic encephalopathy received treatment with lactulose, ornithine aspartate, and arginine; patients with bacterial infection received antibiotic therapy; and patients with shock received anti-shock treatments, such as blood volume expansion and vasoactive drugs. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is hepatorenal syndrome.