PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Galunisertib, which is a small molecule inhibitor of TGF-β receptor I kinas, is being used in clinical trials in collaboration with Nivolumab (PD-1 monoclonal antibody, mAb) in the liver cancer, metastatic PDAC, and NSCLC (NCT02734160, NCT02423343).