RFPL3S functioned as a transcriptional factor on the promoter of human telomerase reverse transcriptase to promote lung cancer growth (14–16), and acted as a potential stimulator of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) preintegration complex integration activity (17), suggesting that RFPL3S is involved in tumor growth and immune response. This evidence concerns the gene RFPL3S and lung cancer.